| |
|
|
Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
|
 |
 Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (Born in Hacienda de Corralejo near by Penjamo, Guanajuato in May 8th, 1753 – Died in Chihuahua, July 30th, 1811) Priest, soldier and Father of the Mexican Independence. He started up the movement of the Independence on September 16th, 1810 by calling the people to joint the cause by a short famous proclaim called "Grito de Dolores". Miguel Hidalgo was a very smart, multiligual (Spanish, Latin, French, Otomi, Purepecha, Nahuatl) and educated man was known by their Seminar classmates as "El Zorro" (the Fox) for the mental games he used to play with them.
Miguel Hidalgo loved the arts specially the literature and the plastic arts such as Talavera work that in late 1700's he required artisans from Puebla to move and make pottery in his parish, Dolores Hidalgo.
Leading the first army, during the first period of fight for the Independence, got several victories and he was about to the Mexico City (to proclaim the Independence but prefered to save Mexico City's people from the killing) before the movement declaines after several defeats. Captured and shot in Chihuahua on July 30th, 1821. He is considered on Fathers of the Mexican Nation. Viva Hidalgo!
|
|
 |
| |
|
|
Don Jose Maria Morelos Y Pavon
|
|
José María Teclo Morelos y Pavón (Born in Morelia September 30th, 1765, died in Ecatepec, December 22th, 1815) Priest, mexican insurgent soldier who organized and led the second period of the Mexican Independence war (1811-1815).
Miguel Hidalgo asked him to continue Independence war on the southern Mexican cities taking the most important ones such as Acapulco to block the commerce and communication to Asia.
Morelos and his men controlled the south and part of the center of the country and he was very successful in the area named after him, Morelos State, as well in Izucar de Matamoros, Puebla, and becoming the most dangeours enemy of the spanish colonial army in the New Spain (Mexico).
He also organized the famous Anahuac Congress for the first Mexican Congress ever in Chilpancingo, Guerrero State, from September to November 1813. Address the congress with his famous speech "Feelings of the Nation" and the Congress aprpoved the first Mexican Constitution on October 22, 1814 in Apatzingan.
He was captured on November 5, 1815 and shot on December 22, 1815. Viva Morelos!
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Independence Celebrations in Puebla
|
|
The Independence of Mexico is celebrated by Poblanos from the 15th to 16th of September every year. On the night of the 15th, there is a large gathering at the Zocalo Park (main square) to proclaim the Independence by the people hightlighted by loud cry and led by the governor of Puebla. The governor rings a large bell (a copy of the original one that Miguel Hidalgo rang to call people in 1810 to begin the fight for liberation, with a shout or "Grito". The Grito proceeds as follows: Viva Hidalgo, Viva Morelos, (several heroes are named) and finally ...Viva Mexico, Viva Mexico, Viva Mexicooooo!!!!
Then fireworks cover the sky of Puebla with colorful lights and fantastic designs.
Afterwards there is huge fiesta right at the Zocalo where musicians play, people dance and vendors offer traditional snacks, tacos or Poblano dishes.
Come on over to Puebla for the 200th Anniversary Grand Fiesta!!!
|
| |
|
|
La Abeja Poblana - Poblano Bee Jornal
|
|
La Abeja Poblana was a famous journal located in Puebla. The journal iniciated operations on May 30th, 1820 by Don Juan Nepomuceno Troncoso with the name of the Poblano Bee because according to the journal founder's philosophy the journal could provide sweet news to people either hard opinions on any subject such as politics in the way a bee's sting sticks on the skin.
Then La Abeja Poblana was the first journal of Mexico to issue in its pages the entire Iguala Plan. Outstanding situation for a Journal stablished in a very pro-spanish city as Puebla.
The original La Abeja Poblana Journal building is still in Puebla and has beautiful Talavera facade but it has to be closed to the public after being damaged by the 1999 earthquake.
|
| |
|
|
Don Agustin de Iturbide
|
|
 Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu ( September 27, 1783 - July 19, 1824) Politician and Mexican soldier. At the beggining of the Mexican Independence war , Iturbide was combating the Insurgent Army from the spaniish colonial army. At the last part of the war (1821) he decide to pact with the Insurgent leader, Vicente Guerrero, proclame the Iguala Plan or well know as the "Three guarantees" to proclame a political program to lead conservatives a liberal to the Mexican Independence under a Constotutional monarchy offered to Fernando VII (king of Spain).
The new Trigarante Army is formed after the Iguala Plan with the Insurgent army, Iturbide's army and the rest of the spanish army. Under the protection of the new army, Iturbide signed an agreement of peace with Juan de O'Donoju (in Cordoba, Veracruz), who represented the maximum spanish authority in Mexico. On the way, to Mexico City, Iturbide stopped by Puebla and got a big welcome with the Chiles en Nogada. On September 27, 1821, Iturbide an the Trigarante army enters the City of Mexico. Next day, Iturbide himself proclames the Act of Independence of the Mexican Empire.
Because absence of Fernado VII to reclaim the crown of Mexico according to the Iguala Plan, Agustin de Iturbide is proclamed Emperor of Mexico in 1822.
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Iguala Plan - Published by "The Poblano Bee" Journal in Puebla
|
|
Plan de Iguala, published on February 24th, 1821.
Iguala Plan was the document where the Insurgent Army and Agustin the Iturbide set up the main rights for a Provisional Goverment Committee that proclaims the Independence of Mexico and protects the Catholic Religion. This Committe is called"Junta Gubernativa de la América Septentrional" and was presented by , Agustín de Iturbide to the Viceroy of the New Spain, Count of Venadito.
Some of the rights:
1° The religion for the New Spain is and will be the Catholic, apostolic, roman without exception.
2° The New Spain is independent from Spain and any other nation, even in our continent.
3° Its Goverment will be a Constitutional monarchy.
4° The emperor is Fernando VII (king of Spain) but if he is not available to come to Mexico then other one would call (whoops!) such as infante don Carlos, or don Francisco de Paula, or el archiduque Carlos or other one from the royal house. (That never happenend).
8° If King don Fernando VII doesn't want to come to Mexico then Committe would rule the Nation in his name and will look for someone to be crowned as emperor. (That did happen - Agustin de Iturbide)
12° All inhabitants of the New Spain, without discrimination, europeans, africans or indians, are citizens under this monarchy, with right to be employed according to everyone's skills and virtues.
There were 24 articles in the Iguala Plan.
Reference: Published in "La Abeja Poblana" Journal (Puebla 's Journal) on March 8th, 1821).
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Act of the Mexican Independence
|
|
The Act of the Independence of the Mexican Empire was signed on September 27th, 1821 by:
A provisional supreme joint committee where some people stand out, such as: Antonio Joaquin Perez Martinez, bishop of "la Puebla de los Ángeles" (Puebla); Juan de O'Donoju, lieutenant colonel of spanish army, Juan Horbegoso, colonel of the national army, Pedro Jose Romero Torres de Terreros, Count of Jala y Regla, Marquis of San Cristobal and captain of the Viceroy's guard.
And by members of the Mexican Empire Regency: Agustin de Iturbide (primer emperador de Mexico); Juan O'Donojú, Manuel de la Bárcena, José Isidro Yañez y Manuel Velásquez de León (second, third, forth and fifth regets).
|
|